/* ===== CSS Variables for Easy Customization ===== */
:root {
    /* Primary Colors */
    --primary-color: #1a365d;
    --primary-light: #2d4a7c;
    --primary-dark: #0f2341;
    --accent-color: #3182ce;
    --accent-light: #63b3ed;

    /* Background Colors */
    --bg-primary: #ffffff;
    --bg-primary-rgb: 255, 255, 255;
    --bg-secondary: #f7fafc;
    --bg-tertiary: #edf2f7;
    --bg-dark: #1a202c;

    /* Text Colors */
    --text-primary: #1a202c;
    --text-secondary: #4a5568;
    --text-light: #718096;
    --text-white: #ffffff;

    /* Fonts */
    --font-heading: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
    --font-body: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;

    /* Fluid Spacing - scales between mobile and desktop */
    --spacing-xs: 0.25rem;
    --spacing-sm: 0.5rem;
    --spacing-md: 1rem;
    --spacing-lg: 1.5rem;
    --spacing-xl: 2rem;
    --spacing-2xl: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3rem);
    --spacing-3xl: clamp(2.5rem, 6vw, 4rem);
    --spacing-section: clamp(3rem, 8vw, 5rem);

    /* Container - Bootstrap 5 defaults */
    --container-padding-x: 0.75rem;  /* 12px - Bootstrap default gutter */
    --container-max: 1320px;  /* Bootstrap xxl */

    /* Border Radius */
    --radius-sm: 4px;
    --radius-md: 8px;
    --radius-lg: 12px;
    --radius-xl: 16px;
    --radius-full: 50%;

    /* Shadows */
    --shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    --shadow-md: 0 4px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    --shadow-lg: 0 10px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    --shadow-xl: 0 20px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);

    /* Transitions */
    --transition-fast: 0.15s ease;
    --transition-normal: 0.3s ease;
    --transition-slow: 0.5s ease;
    --transition: all 0.25s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1);

    --card-bg: rgba(17, 34, 64, 0.8);
    --card-border: rgba(100, 255, 218, 0.1);
    --accent: #64ffda;

}

/* ===== Reset & Base Styles ===== */
*, *::before, *::after {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
    font-size: 16px;
    -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
}

body {
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: var(--text-primary);
    background-color: var(--bg-primary);
    font-weight: 400;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

a {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: var(--accent-color);
    transition: color var(--transition-fast);
}

a:hover {
    color: var(--primary-color);
}

img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    display: block;
}

ul {
    list-style: none;
}

.section-container {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

/* ===== Bootstrap 5 Container System ===== */
.container,
.nav-container,
.hero-container,
.alt-section-container,
.cv-section-container {
    width: 100%;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
    padding-left: var(--container-padding-x);
    padding-right: var(--container-padding-x);
}

/* Bootstrap 5 Responsive Container Max-Widths */
@media (min-width: 576px) {
    .container,
    .nav-container,
    .hero-container,
    .alt-section-container,
    .cv-section-container {
        max-width: 540px;
    }
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
    .container,
    .nav-container,
    .hero-container,
    .alt-section-container,
    .cv-section-container {
        max-width: 720px;
    }
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
    .container,
    .nav-container,
    .hero-container,
    .alt-section-container,
    .cv-section-container {
        max-width: 960px;
    }
}

@media (min-width: 1200px) {
    .container,
    .nav-container,
    .hero-container,
    .alt-section-container,
    .cv-section-container {
        max-width: 1140px;
    }
}

@media (min-width: 1400px) {
    .container,
    .nav-container,
    .hero-container,
    .alt-section-container,
    .cv-section-container {
        max-width: 1320px;
    }
}

/* ===== Navigation ===== */
.navbar {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    z-index: 1030;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    box-shadow: 0 1px 0 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, .05);
    transition: all var(--transition-normal);
    padding: 0.5rem 0;
}

.navbar.scrolled {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.98);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.nav-container {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
}

.nav-logo {
    padding-block: 0.3125rem;
    margin-right: 1rem;
    font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 2.5vw, 1.25rem);
    font-family: 'Space Grotesk', sans-serif;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--primary-color) !important;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.nav-menu {
    display: flex;
    margin-left: auto;
    gap: 0.25rem;
}

.nav-link {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-md);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    transition: all var(--transition-fast);
    display: block;
}

.nav-link:hover {
    color: var(--primary-color);
    background: var(--bg-secondary);
}

.nav-toggle {
    display: none;
    background: none;
    border: none;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    cursor: pointer;
    padding: 0.5rem;
    min-width: 44px;
    min-height: 44px;
}


.fa-university,.fa-building {
    /* color: var(--accent-color); */
    color: var(--accent-light);
    margin-right: 0.5rem;    
}
.icon {
    margin-right: 0.2rem; /* ≈ 2 spaces */
}
/* ===== Hero Section ===== */
.hero {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0a2540, #0077b5);
    padding-top: clamp(100px, 15vw, 120px);
    padding-bottom: clamp(60px, 10vw, 80px);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.hero-image {
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xl);
    display: flex; 
}

.hero-image img {
    width: clamp(100px, 20vw, 200px);
    height: clamp(100px, 20vw, 200px);

    border: 4px solid white;
    border: 4px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);

    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
    object-fit: cover;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    animation: float 6s ease-in-out infinite;
}
@keyframes float { 0%, 100% { transform: translateY(0); } 50% { transform: translateY(-10px); } }


.hero-content {
    max-width: 100%;
    text-align: left;
}

.hero-content h1 {
    font-family: "Space Grotesk", sans-serif;
    font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 5vw, 2.5rem);
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #ffffff;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    letter-spacing: -0.35px;
    line-height: 1.2;
}

.hero-title {
    font-size: clamp(1rem, 2.5vw, 1.25rem);
    font-weight: 400;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
    margin-bottom: 1.7rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.hero-subtitle {
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xl);
}

.hero-stats {
    display: flex;
    gap: var(--spacing-lg);
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;    
}


.stat-card {
    text-align: center;
    padding: clamp(0.75rem, 2vw, 1rem);
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    backdrop-filter: blur(5px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(5px);
    min-width: clamp(85px, 15vw, 100px);
    transition: all var(--transition-normal);
    color: white;
    display: block;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
}

.stat-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
    color: white;
}

.stat-number {
    font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 4vw, 2rem);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: white;
    margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
    line-height: 1;
    display: block;
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
}

.stat-label {
    font-size: clamp(0.75rem, 2vw, 0.9rem);
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
}

.stat-value {
    font-size: 2rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--accent);
    line-height: 1;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
}

.hero-social {
    display: flex;
    gap: var(--spacing-md);
}

.hero-social a {
    width: 45px;
    height: 45px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    background: var(--primary-color);
    color: var(--text-white);
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    transition: all var(--transition-normal);
}

.hero-social a:hover {
    background: var(--accent-color);
    transform: translateY(-3px);
}

/* ===== About Section ===== */
.about-section {
    padding: var(--spacing-section) 0;
    background: var(--bg-primary);
}

.about-content {
    max-width: 900px;
}

.about-content p {
    font-size: clamp(0.95rem, 2vw, 1.05rem);
    line-height: 1.8;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.about-content p:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.about-content strong {
    color: var(--primary-color);
}

/* ===== Section Styles ===== */
.section {
    padding: var(--spacing-section) 0;
    padding-top: 3rem;
}

.section:nth-child(even) {
    background: var(--bg-secondary);
}

.section-title {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 15px;

    /* font-family: var(--font-heading); */
    font-family: 'Space Grotesk', sans-serif;
    font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 4vw, 2rem);
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    text-align: center;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xl);
    /* margin-left: 6rem; */
    position: relative; 
}

/* .section-title::before {
    content: '';
    display: block;
    width: 60px;
    height: 3px;
    background: var(--accent-color);
    margin: var(--spacing-md) auto 0;
    border-radius: 2px;
} */

.section-title::after {
    content: '';
    flex: 1;
    height: 1px;
    background: var(--secondary-bg);
    margin-left: 20px;
}

.subsection-title {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 1.4rem);
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    margin: var(--spacing-2xl) 0 var(--spacing-md);
}

/* ===== Timeline Styles ===== */
.timeline {
    max-width: 1100px;
    /* margin: 0 auto; */
    margin-left: 0;
    margin-right: auto;    
    position: relative;
}

.timeline::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    left: 20px;
    top: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    width: 2px;
    background: var(--bg-tertiary);
}

.timeline-item {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    padding-left: 50px;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xl);
    position: relative;
    transition: transform 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;

}

.timeline-item::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    left: 15px;
    top: 8px;
    width: 12px;
    height: 12px;
    background: var(--accent-color);
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
    border: 2px solid var(--bg-primary);
    z-index: 1;
}

.timeline-date {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--accent-color);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.inline-header {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.75rem; /* spacing between the two */
}

/* Remove default margins that force line breaks */
.inline-header h4,
.inline-header .organization {
    margin: 0;
}

/* .timeline-item:hover, .timeline-content.no-padding:hover {
    transform: translateY(-1px);
} */

.timeline-content {
    background: var(--bg-primary);
    padding: var(--spacing-lg);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
    border: 1px solid var(--bg-tertiary);
    transition: border-color 0.5s ease, background-color 0.25s ease;
}
.timeline-item:hover .timeline-content {
    /* border: 1px solid var(--accent-color);  */
    /* background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.98); */
    /* box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06); */

    /* border: 1px solid rgba(0, 120, 215, 0.1); */
    box-shadow:
        0 0 0 1px rgba(0, 120, 215, 0.15),
        0 6px 18px rgba(0, 120, 215, 0.08);    
}

.timeline-content.no-padding {
    /* background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.8) 0%, rgba(241, 245, 249, 0.6) 100%); */

    /* padding-top: 0;
    padding-bottom: 0; */
    padding-top: var(--spacing-md);
    padding-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
    box-shadow: none;
    /* border-top: 0;     */
    /* border-bottom: 0; */
    /* border-right: 0; */
    /* border-left: 0; */
    /* border-radius: var(--radius-sm); */
}

.timeline-content.no-padding p{
    font-size: clamp(0.7rem, 2.5vw, 0.9rem);
}

.timeline-content h3 {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: clamp(1rem, 2.5vw, 1.15rem);
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xs);
}

.timeline-content h4 {
    font-size: clamp(0.9rem, 2.5vw, 0.95rem);
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xs);
}

.timeline-content .organization {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--text-light);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.timeline-content .gpa {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--accent-color);
    font-weight: 500;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.timeline-content p {
    font-size: clamp(0.9rem, 2.5vw, 0.95rem);
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.project-tags {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: var(--spacing-sm);
    margin-bottom: 15px;
}
.tag { 
    background: rgba(100, 255, 218, 0.12);
    color: #00bfa5;
    padding: 4px 12px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.edu-row {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
    gap: var(--spacing-lg);
    align-items: center;
    margin-top: var(--spacing-md);
}

.edu-row .edu-links {
    flex: 0 0 auto;
}

.edu-row .edu-highlights {
    flex: 1 1 auto;
}

.edu-highlights {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: var(--spacing-sm);
    margin-top: 0;
    padding-top: var(--spacing-xs);
}

.edu-highlights .highlight {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--spacing-xs);
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    color: var(--accent-color);
    background: rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.1);
    padding: var(--spacing-xs) var(--spacing-sm);
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
}

.edu-highlights .highlight i {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
}

.edu-highlights .edu-link {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--spacing-xs);
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: white;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent-color) 0%, var(--accent-light) 100%);
    padding: 0.4rem 0.85rem;
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.25);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
}

.edu-highlights .edu-link:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.35);
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent-light) 0%, var(--accent-color) 100%);
    color: white;
}

.edu-highlights .edu-link i {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
}

.ai {
    font-family: "Academicons" !important;
    font-style: normal;
}


/* ===== Publications Section ===== */
/* .pub-stats {
    background: rgba(0, 90, 140, 0.1); 
    border: 1px solid rgba(0, 90, 140, 0.25);
    display: grid;
    padding: 5px 9px;
    grid-auto-flow: column;
    gap: 20px;
    margin-bottom: 40px;    
    margin: 0 auto 40px auto;
}
.pub-stat {
    backdrop-filter: blur(12px) saturate(130%);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px) saturate(130%);
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    padding: 18px 9px;
    text-align: center;    
    transition: transform 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;
} */

.pub-stats {
    display: grid;
    grid-auto-flow: column;
    gap: 15px;
    margin-bottom: 40px;
}
.pub-stat {
    backdrop-filter: blur(12px) saturate(130%);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px) saturate(130%);
    border: 1px solid rgba(0, 90, 140, 0.25);
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    padding: 18px 9px;
    text-align: center;
    box-shadow:
        0 8px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08),
        inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.45); 
    transition: transform 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;
}

.pub-stat:hover {
    /* background: rgba(0, 90, 140, 0.18);  */
    transform: translateY(-1px);
    box-shadow:
        0 12px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12),
        inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.55);
}

.pub-stat-card {
    background: var(--primary-color);
    color: var(--text-white);
    padding: var(--spacing-lg) var(--spacing-md);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    text-align: center;
}

.pub-stat-number {
    display: block;
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 1.75rem);
    font-weight: 600;
}
.pub-stat-value {
    font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 1.7rem);
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--accent-color); /* stronger teal */
    font-weight: 700;
}

/* .pub-stat-label {
    font-size: clamp(0.75rem, 2vw, 0.85rem);
    opacity: 0.9;
} */
.pub-stat-label {
    font-size: clamp(0.75rem, 2vw, 0.9rem);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    margin-top: 5px;
    opacity: 0.9;
    color: var(--primary-light); /* stronger teal */
    font-weight: 500;
    /* min-width: 6rem; */
}

.publications-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 15px;
}

.pub-item {
    font-family: 'Poppins', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, sans-serif;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
    border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding-left: 25px;
    padding-right: 20px;
    /* padding: 20px 25px; */
    transition: var(--transition);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    display: flex;
    gap: 5px;
    /* align-items: flex-start; */
    align-items: stretch; /* IMPORTANT: forces equal height columns */

}

.pub-item:hover {
    border-color: rgba(0, 102, 204, 0.4);
    box-shadow: 0 5px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

.pub-item-patent {
    font-family: 'Poppins', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, sans-serif;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
    border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 20px 25px;
    transition: var(--transition);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}

.pub-item-patent:hover {
    border-color: rgba(0, 102, 204, 0.4);
    box-shadow: 0 5px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}


.pub-content {
    flex: 1;
    min-width: 0;
    padding: 20px 0;
}

.pub-image {
    flex: 0 0 260px;        /* choose width */
    /* overflow: hidden; */
    border: 0;
    background: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;

    display: flex;          /* ensures child can stretch */
    align-items: stretch;
    background: linear-gradient(
        180deg,
        rgba(255,255,255,0.6),
        rgba(255,255,255,0.3)
    );    
}

.pub-image img {
  max-width: 100%;
  max-height: 100%;
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
  object-fit: contain;
  padding: 4px 6px;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .pub-item {
        flex-direction: column;
    }

    .pub-image {
        max-width: 100%;
        width: 100%;
    }
}

.pub-item.highly-cited {
    border-left: 3px solid #dc3545;
}

.pub-header {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 15px;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.pub-year {
    color: #0066cc;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.pub-title {
    font-weight: 500;
    color: #1a202c;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.pub-venue {
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    /* font-style: italic; */
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.pub-line {
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.pub-line .separator {
    margin: 0 0.35em;
    opacity: 0.6;
}

.pub-badges {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 8px;
    margin-bottom: 6px;
}

.pub-highlights {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.3rem 0.3rem;
    margin-top: 0;
    padding-top: var(--spacing-xs);
    padding-bottom: var(--spacing-xs);
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.1)
}

.pub-badge {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 5px;
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    padding: 3px 8px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.pub-badge.cited {
    font-family: var(--font-body);    
    background: rgba(220, 53, 69, 0.1);
    color: #dc3545;
    /* border: 1px solid rgba(220, 53, 69, 0.2); */
}

.pub-badge.hot  {
    font-family: var(--font-body);    
    background: rgba(255, 165, 0, 0.1);
    color: #ff8c00;
    /* border: 1px solid rgba(255, 165, 0, 0.2); */
}

.pub-badge.top {
    font-family: var(--font-body);    
    background: rgba(30, 144, 255, 0.14);  /* refined academic blue */
    color: #1e5fa8;                        /* deep blue text */
}

.pub-badge.if {
    font-family: var(--font-body);    
    background: rgba(0, 102, 204, 0.1);
    color: #0066cc;
    /* border: 1px solid rgba(0, 102, 204, 0.2); */
}

.pub-badge.award {
    font-family: var(--font-body);    
    background: linear-gradient(
        135deg,
        rgba(255, 215, 0, 0.25),
        rgba(255, 193, 7, 0.15)
    );
    color: #917005;
}
.pub-badge.high-impact {
    font-family: var(--font-body);    
    background: rgba(46, 204, 113, 0.14);
    color: #1e824c;
}
.pub-badge.invited {
    font-family: var(--font-body);    
    background: rgba(155, 89, 182, 0.14);
    color: #6c3483;
}
.pub-badge.open {
    font-family: var(--font-body);    
    background: rgba(96, 125, 139, 0.14);
    color: #37474f;
}

.pub-links {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 8px;
}
.pub-link .fa-solid, .pub-link .fas, .pub-link .fab {
    /* color: #0066cc;  */
    color: var(--accent-light);
}

.links .fa-youtube {
    color: #FF0000;
    transition: transform 0.15s ease, color 0.15s ease;
}

.links a:hover .fa-youtube {
    color: #CC0000;      
    transform: scale(1.05);
}
.links .fa-globe {
    color: #1e5fa8;
    transition: color 0.15s ease, transform 0.15s ease;
}

.links a:hover .fa-globe {
    color: #0b4fa3;
    transform: scale(1.05);
}
.pub-link {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 5px;
    font-weight: 500;
    
    color: #546e7a;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    padding: 4px 10px;
    background: #e7eef5;
    border-radius: 4px;
    transition: var(--transition);
    /* border: 1px solid rgba(0, 102, 204, 0.2); */
}

.pub-link:hover {
    color: #0066cc;
    background: rgba(0, 102, 204, 0.15);
}

/* Social Links */
.social-links-top {
    display: flex;
    gap: 12px;
}
.social-link-top {
    width: 42px;
    height: 42px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    background: #f8f9fa;
    /* border: 1px solid var(--card-border); */
    border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    border-radius: 8px;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
}
.social-link-top:hover {
    color: #0066cc;
    border-color: #0066cc;
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.pub-item h4 {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: clamp(0.9rem, 2vw, 1rem);
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.pub-item .authors {
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xs);
}

.pub-item .journal {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: var(--text-light);
    font-style: italic;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xs);
}

.pub-item .metrics {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: var(--accent-color);
    font-weight: 500;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.show-more-btn {
    display: inline-block;
    margin: 30px auto 0;
    padding: 12px 30px;
    background: transparent;
    border: 1px solid #0066cc;
    color: #0066cc;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: var(--transition);
    font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
}

.show-more-btn:hover {
    background: rgba(0, 102, 204, 0.1);
}


.view-all-btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--spacing-sm);
    margin-top: var(--spacing-xl);
    padding: var(--spacing-md) var(--spacing-xl);
    background: var(--primary-color);
    color: var(--text-white);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: all var(--transition-normal);
}

.view-all-btn:hover {
    background: var(--accent-color);
    color: var(--text-white);
    transform: translateX(5px);
}

.patents-list {
    max-width: 900px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.patent-item {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: var(--spacing-lg);
    padding: var(--spacing-lg);
    background: var(--bg-primary);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
    border: 1px solid var(--bg-tertiary);
}

.patent-item i {
    font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 4vw, 2rem);
    color: var(--accent-color);
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.patent-item h4 {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xs);
}

.patent-item p {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--text-light);
}

/* ===== Projects Section ===== */
.projects-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(min(100%, 320px), 1fr));
    gap: var(--spacing-xl);
}

.project-card {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    border-radius: 14px;
    padding: calc(var(--spacing-xl) + 0.25rem);
    border: 1px solid rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.12);
    transition: all 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
}

.project-card:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.12), 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
    transform: translateY(-6px);
    border-color: rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.25);
}

.project-header {
    display: flex;
    /* justify-content: space-between; */
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: var(--spacing-sm);
    margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
    padding-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.12);
}

.project-header h3{
    font-family: var(--font-heading);    
    font-size: clamp(1.15rem, 3vw, 1.25rem);
    font-weight: 550;
    line-height: 1.3;
    color: var(--primary-color);
}



.project-date {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--accent-color);
    background: rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.08);
    padding: 0.25rem 0.6rem;
    border-radius: 6px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.15);
}

.project-current{
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 450;
    padding: 0.25rem 0.6rem;
    margin-right: 0.28rem;
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);

    background: rgba(255, 165, 0, 0.1);
    color: #a57131;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 165, 0, 0.2);
}

.top-journal{
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    padding: 0.2rem 0.5rem;
    margin-right: 0.28rem;
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);

    background: rgba(255, 165, 0, 0.14);
    color: #a57131;
    /* border: 1px solid rgba(255, 165, 0, 0.2); */
}

.project-org {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: var(--text-light);
}

.project-card h3 {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: clamp(1rem, 2.5vw, 1.1rem);
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.project-card p {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    line-height: 1.7;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
}


.project-links,
.edu-links{
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: var(--spacing-sm);
    margin-top: 0;
}

.project-links a, 
.edu-links a {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--spacing-xs);
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: var(--accent-color);
    padding: 0.3rem 0.75rem;
    border: 1px solid rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.3);
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
    min-height: 3px;
    background: rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.05);
}

.project-links a:hover, 
.edu-links a:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.25);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.project-badges {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: var(--spacing-xs);
    margin-top: var(--spacing-md);
}

.project-badges .badge {
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    padding: 0.35rem 0.7rem;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.1) 0%, rgba(99, 179, 237, 0.15) 100%);
    color: var(--accent-color);
    border-radius: 8px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.2);
    transition: all var(--transition-fast);
}

.project-badges .badge:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.2);
    transform: translateY(-1px);
}

/* ===== Awards Section ===== */
.awards-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(min(100%, 280px), 1fr));
    gap: var(--spacing-md);
}

.award-card {
    display: flex;
    gap: var(--spacing-md);
    background: var(--bg-primary);
    padding: var(--spacing-lg);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    border: 1px solid var(--bg-tertiary);
    transition: all var(--transition-normal);
}

.award-card:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.award-card.international {
    border-left: 4px solid #10b981;
}

.award-card.national {
    border-left: 4px solid #f59e0b;
}

.award-year {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 1.5rem);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.award-content {
    flex: 1;
    min-width: 0;
}

.award-type {
    display: inline-block;
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--accent-color);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xs);
}

.award-content h3 {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: clamp(0.85rem, 2vw, 0.95rem);
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text-primary);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xs);
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.award-content p {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: var(--text-light);
}

.memberships {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(min(100%, 240px), 1fr));
    gap: var(--spacing-md);
    max-width: 900px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.membership-item {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--spacing-md);
    padding: var(--spacing-md);
    background: var(--bg-primary);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    border: 1px solid var(--bg-tertiary);
}

.membership-year {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: var(--accent-color);
    font-weight: 500;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.membership-title {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
}

/* ===== Resources Section ===== */
.resources-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(min(100%, 280px), 1fr));
    gap: var(--spacing-xl);
}

.resource-category {
    background: var(--bg-primary);
    padding: var(--spacing-xl);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    border: 1px solid var(--bg-tertiary);
}

.resource-category h3 {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: clamp(1rem, 2.5vw, 1.1rem);
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.resource-category h3 i {
    color: var(--accent-color);
}

.resource-list li {
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.resource-list a {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    display: block;
    padding: var(--spacing-sm) 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--bg-tertiary);
    transition: all var(--transition-fast);
}

.resource-list a:hover {
    color: var(--accent-color);
    padding-left: var(--spacing-sm);
}

/* ===== Contact Section ===== */
.contact-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(min(100%, 260px), 1fr));
    gap: var(--spacing-xl);
    max-width: 1000px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.contact-card {
    background: var(--bg-primary);
    padding: var(--spacing-xl);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    border: 1px solid var(--bg-tertiary);
}

.contact-card h3 {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: clamp(1rem, 2.5vw, 1.1rem);
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.contact-card h3 i {
    color: var(--accent-color);
}

.contact-item {
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
}

.contact-item strong {
    display: block;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: var(--text-light);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xs);
}

.contact-item a,
.contact-item p {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    word-break: break-word;
}

.contact-item a:hover {
    color: var(--accent-color);
}

.social-links {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.social-link {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--spacing-sm);
    padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-md);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: all var(--transition-fast);
    min-height: 44px;
}

.social-link.linkedin {
    background: #0077b5;
    color: white;
}

.social-link.github {
    background: #333;
    color: white;
}

.social-link.scholar {
    background: #4285f4;
    color: white;
}

.social-link.website {
    background: var(--primary-color);
    color: white;
}

.social-link:hover {
    transform: translateX(5px);
    opacity: 0.9;
    color: white;
}

/* ===== Footer ===== */
.footer {
    background: var(--bg-dark);
    color: var(--text-white);
    padding: var(--spacing-xl) 0;
    text-align: center;
}

.footer p {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    opacity: 0.8;
}

/* ===== Responsive Design ===== */

/* Large desktops */
@media (min-width: 1200px) {
    .timeline::before {
        left: 150px;
    }

    .timeline-item {
        flex-direction: row;
        padding-left: 0;
        gap: var(--spacing-xl);
    }

    .timeline-item::before {
        left: 145px;
    }

    .timeline-date {
        flex-shrink: 0;
        width: 130px;
        text-align: right;
        padding-top: 3px;
        margin-bottom: 0;
    }

    .timeline-content {
        flex: 1;
    }
}

/* Tablets and small desktops */
@media (max-width: 992px) {
    .nav-link {
        padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-sm);
        font-size: 0.9rem;
    }
}

/* Tablets */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .nav-menu {
        position: fixed;
        top: 56px;
        left: 0;
        right: 0;
        background: var(--bg-primary);
        flex-direction: column;
        padding: var(--spacing-lg);
        box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
        transform: translateY(-100%);
        opacity: 0;
        visibility: hidden;
        transition: all var(--transition-normal);
        max-height: calc(100vh - 56px);
        overflow-y: auto;
    }

    .nav-menu.active {
        transform: translateY(0);
        opacity: 1;
        visibility: visible;
    }

    .nav-toggle {
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: center;
    }

    .nav-link {
        padding: var(--spacing-md);
        font-size: 1rem;
        border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    }

    .nav-link:hover {
        background: var(--bg-secondary);
    }

    .project-card:hover,
    .award-card:hover {
        transform: none;
    }

    .edu-row {
        flex-wrap: wrap;
    }
}

/* Small devices */
@media (max-width: 480px) {
    :root {
        --container-padding-x: 0.75rem;  /* Bootstrap default 12px */
    }

    .stat-card {
        min-width: calc(50% - var(--spacing-md) / 2);
        flex: 1 1 calc(50% - var(--spacing-md) / 2);
    }

    .hero-stats {
        gap: var(--spacing-sm);
    }

    .pub-stats {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }

    .award-card {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: var(--spacing-sm);
    }

    .award-year {
        font-size: 1rem;
    }

    .patent-item {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: var(--spacing-md);
        text-align: center;
    }
}

/* ===== Animations ===== */
@keyframes fadeInUp {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateY(20px);
    }
    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateY(0);
    }
}

.hero-content,
.timeline-item,
.project-card,
.award-card {
    animation: fadeInUp 0.6s ease-out;
}

/* Reduce motion for accessibility */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    *,
    *::before,
    *::after {
        animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
        animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
        transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
    }

    html {
        scroll-behavior: auto;
    }
}

/* ===== Utility Classes ===== */
.text-center {
    text-align: center;
}

.mt-lg {
    margin-top: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.mb-lg {
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
}

/* ===== Alternative Experience Section (Light Theme - Isolated) ===== */
.alt-theme {
    /* Isolated CSS Variables */
    --alt-bg-primary: #ffffff;
    --alt-bg-secondary: #f8fafc;
    --alt-bg-card: #ffffff;
    --alt-accent: #0ea5e9;
    --alt-accent-glow: rgba(14, 165, 233, 0.2);
    --alt-accent-secondary: #7c3aed;
    --alt-text-primary: #1e293b;
    --alt-text-secondary: #475569;
    --alt-text-muted: #64748b;
    --alt-border: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
    --alt-gradient-accent: linear-gradient(135deg, #0ea5e9 0%, #7c3aed 100%);
    --alt-font-display: 'Space Grotesk', sans-serif;
    --alt-font-body: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
    --alt-radius-sm: 8px;
    --alt-radius-md: 12px;
}

.alt-experience-section {
    background: var(--alt-bg-secondary);
    padding: 100px 0;
    font-family: var(--alt-font-body);
    color: var(--alt-text-primary);
    line-height: 1.7;
}

.alt-section-container {
    /* Uses unified container system - see line ~104 */
}

.alt-section-header {
    text-align: center;
    margin-bottom: 4rem;
}

.alt-section-tag {
    display: inline-block;
    background: rgba(14, 165, 233, 0.1);
    color: var(--alt-accent);
    padding: 0.4rem 1rem;
    border-radius: 20px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 1px;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.alt-section-title {
    font-family: var(--alt-font-display);
    font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 4vw, 2.5rem);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--alt-text-primary);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

/* Alt Timeline Styles */
.alt-timeline {
    position: relative;
    padding-left: 3rem;
}

.alt-timeline::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    left: 7px;
    top: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    width: 2px;
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom, var(--alt-accent), var(--alt-accent-secondary));
}

.alt-timeline-item {
    position: relative;
    padding-bottom: 3rem;
}

.alt-timeline-item:last-child {
    padding-bottom: 0;
}

.alt-timeline-dot {
    position: absolute;
    left: -2.85rem;
    top: 5px;
    width: 16px;
    height: 16px;
    background: var(--alt-bg-secondary);
    border: 3px solid var(--alt-accent);
    border-radius: 50%;
    z-index: 1;
}

.alt-timeline-date {
    display: inline-block;
    background: rgba(14, 165, 233, 0.1);
    color: var(--alt-accent);
    padding: 0.25rem 0.75rem;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.alt-timeline-title {
    font-family: var(--alt-font-display);
    font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 2.5vw, 1.25rem);
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--alt-text-primary);
    margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.alt-timeline-org {
    color: var(--alt-text-secondary);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.alt-timeline-org i {
    color: var(--alt-accent);
    margin-right: 0.5rem;
}

.alt-timeline-desc {
    color: var(--alt-text-muted);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

/* Alt Theme Responsive */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .alt-experience-section {
        padding: 60px 0;
    }

    .alt-section-header {
        margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
    }

    .alt-timeline {
        padding-left: 2.5rem;
    }

    .alt-timeline-dot {
        left: -2.35rem;
        width: 14px;
        height: 14px;
    }

    .alt-timeline-item {
        padding-bottom: 2rem;
    }
}

/* ===== CV-Style Experience Section (Third Design - Isolated) ===== */
.cv-theme {
    --cv-bg: #ffffff;
    --cv-accent: #2563eb;
    --cv-text-primary: #1f2937;
    --cv-text-secondary: #4b5563;
    --cv-text-muted: #6b7280;
    --cv-border: #d1d5db;
    --cv-font-main: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
}

.cv-experience-section {
    background: var(--cv-bg);
    padding: 80px 0;
    font-family: var(--cv-font-main);
    color: var(--cv-text-primary);
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.cv-section-container {
    /* Uses unified container system - see line ~104 */
}

/* CV Header with line and square */
.cv-section-header {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
}

.cv-section-title {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--cv-accent);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 2px;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.cv-header-line {
    flex: 1;
    height: 1px;
    background: var(--cv-border);
    position: relative;
}

.cv-header-line::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    right: 0;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    width: 10px;
    height: 10px;
    background: var(--cv-accent);
}

/* CV Experience Items */
.cv-experience-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.5rem;
}

.cv-org-group {
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.cv-experience-item {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 220px 1fr;
    gap: 2rem;
    padding: 0.75rem 0;
    border-left: 2px solid transparent;
}

.cv-experience-item:hover {
    border-left-color: var(--cv-accent);
    padding-left: 1rem;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

/* Left Column - Org & Date */
.cv-left-col {
    text-align: right;
}

.cv-org-name {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--cv-text-primary);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.cv-date {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: var(--cv-text-muted);
}

/* Right Column - Job Details */
.cv-right-col {
    border-left: 1px solid var(--cv-border);
    padding-left: 2rem;
}

.cv-job-title {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--cv-accent);
    font-size: 1rem;
    display: inline;
}

.cv-department {
    font-style: italic;
    color: var(--cv-text-secondary);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    display: inline;
}

.cv-department::before {
    content: ', ';
}

.cv-job-desc {
    color: var(--cv-text-secondary);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    margin-top: 0.5rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
}

/* CV Responsive */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .cv-experience-section {
        padding: 60px 0;
    }

    .cv-experience-item {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 0.5rem;
    }

    .cv-left-col {
        text-align: left;
        display: flex;
        justify-content: space-between;
        align-items: baseline;
        flex-wrap: wrap;
        gap: 0.25rem;
    }

    .cv-right-col {
        border-left: none;
        padding-left: 0;
        border-top: 1px solid var(--cv-border);
        padding-top: 0.75rem;
    }

    .cv-experience-item:hover {
        padding-left: 0.5rem;
    }
}

/* ===== Featured Research Projects Section ===== */
.featured-projects-section {
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom, #f8fafc 0%, #ffffff 100%);
}


/* Featured Project Card */
.project-featured {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    border: 1px solid rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.12);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-3xl);
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: all 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
    padding: calc(var(--spacing-lg) + 0.3rem) calc(var(--spacing-lg) + 0.5rem);
}

.project-featured:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 12px 32px rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.12), 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
    border-color: rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.25);
    /* transform: translateY(-4px); */
}

.project-featured-header {
    /* background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.08) 0%, rgba(99, 179, 237, 0.12) 100%); */
    /* padding: calc(var(--spacing-xl) + 0.5rem);
    padding-bottom: calc(var(--spacing-md) + 0.5rem);
    padding-top: calc(var(--spacing-md) + 0.5rem); */
    color: var(--primary-color);
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.1);
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.08);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);

}

.project-featured-header .badge {
    display: inline-block;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.15) 0%, rgba(99, 179, 237, 0.2) 100%);
    color: var(--primary-color);
    padding: 0.35rem 0.85rem;
    border-radius: 24px;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.8px;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
    border: 1px solid rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.2);
}

.project-featured-header h3 {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 1.5rem);
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
    line-height: 1.3;
    color: var(--primary-color);
}

.project-featured-header .org {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    opacity: 0.85;
}

/* Project Featured Content - Two Column Layout */
.project-featured-content {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 400px;
    gap: var(--spacing-xl);
    align-items: start;
}

.project-output-content {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: var(--spacing-sm, 12px);
    height: 100%;          /* key: enables “remaining space” logic */
    min-height: 0;         /* key: prevents overflow issues in flex layouts */
    
    padding: calc(var(--spacing-md) + 0.25rem) 1rem;
    transition: all var(--transition-normal);

    background: rgba(0, 90, 140, 0.08); 
    backdrop-filter: blur(12px) saturate(130%);

    border: 1px solid rgba(0, 90, 140, 0.25);
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    /* box-shadow:
        0 8px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08),
        inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.45); */
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.1);
    }

.project-output-content:hover {
    border-color: rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.6);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.25);
    /* transform: translateY(-2px); */
}




.project-featured-body {
    /* padding: calc(var(--spacing-xl) + 0.5rem); */
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
}

.project-featured-body > p {
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    line-height: 1.77;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
}

/* Project Featured Images */
.project-featured-images {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 1);
    /* display: flex; */
    /* flex-direction: column; */
    /* gap: var(--spacing-md); */

    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    min-height: 0;
    min-width: 0;
    overflow: hidden;
    display: flex;
    align-items: stretch;
    justify-content: center;
}

/* Single Image Layout */
.project-image-single {
    flex: 1 1 auto;        /* grows to fill remaining space */
    min-height: 0;         /* prevents image from forcing overflow */
    width: 100%;
    /* White “weight bg” look (overlay) */
    background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);
    background-blend-mode: lighten;    /* optional; helps keep bg lighter */
    /* Center the inner image */
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    /* Styling */
    overflow: hidden;                  /* ensures nothing leaks out */
    padding: clamp(10px, 2vw, 18px);
}

.project-image-single img {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    /* border-radius: var(--radius-lg); */
    /* box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); */
    /* transition: all var(--transition-normal); */
    object-fit: cover;
}

.image-stack{
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 0.7rem;          
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

/* .image-stack img{
  display: block; 
  width: 100%;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
} */


/* .project-image-single img:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
} */

/* Vertical Stack Layout (2-5 images) */
.project-image-vertical {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: var(--spacing-md);
}

.project-image-vertical img {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    transition: all var(--transition-normal);
    object-fit: cover;
}

.project-image-vertical img:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

/* Grid Layout (4 images in 2x2) */
.project-image-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: var(--spacing-md);
}

.project-image-grid img {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    transition: all var(--transition-normal);
    object-fit: cover;
    aspect-ratio: 4/3;
}

.project-image-grid img:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

/* Project Achievement Badges */
.project-achievement-badges {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: var(--spacing-sm);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.project-achievement-badges .achievement {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--spacing-xs);
    padding: 0.45rem 0.85rem;
    border-radius: 10px;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    border: 1px solid;
    transition: all var(--transition-fast);
}

.achievement.highly-cited {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fef3c7 0%, #fde68a 100%);
    color: #92400e;
    border-color: rgba(146, 64, 14, 0.2);
}

.achievement.highly-cited:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(252, 211, 77, 0.3);
}

.achievement.award {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #dbeafe 0%, #bfdbfe 100%);
    color: #1e40af;
    border-color: rgba(30, 64, 175, 0.2);
}

.achievement.award:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(96, 165, 250, 0.3);
}

.achievement.sota {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #d1fae5 0%, #a7f3d0 100%);
    color: #065f46;
    border-color: rgba(6, 95, 70, 0.2);
}

.achievement.sota:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(52, 211, 153, 0.3);
}

/* Project Outputs */
.project-outputs {
    /* background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.8) 0%, rgba(241, 245, 249, 0.6) 100%); */
    /* border-radius: 12px; */
    /* padding: var(--spacing-md) var(--spacing-lg) var(--spacing-lg) var(--spacing-lg); */
    /* margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg); */
    /* border-top: 1px solid rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.1); */
    /* border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.1); */
}

.project-outputs h4 {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 550;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
}

.output-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(min(100%, 280px), 1fr));
    gap: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.output-item {

}


.output-item h5 {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 550;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    line-height: 1.4;
    margin-bottom: 0.0rem;
    padding-bottom: 0.7rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.1);
}

.output-item .links {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.35rem;
    /* margin-top: 0.6rem; */
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.1);
    padding-top: var(--spacing-xs);
    padding-bottom: var(--spacing-xs);
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.1);
    /* margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);     */

}


.output-item .links a {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.2rem;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--accent-color);
    color: #546e7a;
    padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
    border: 1px solid rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.3);
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
    min-height: 3px;
    background: rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.05);
  
}

.output-item .links a:hover {
    /* color: var(--accent-color); */
    box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.25);
    transform: translateY(-1px);    
    background: rgba(21, 135, 248, 0.15);

}

/* Project Action Links */
.project-action-links {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.project-action-links a {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--spacing-xs);
    padding: 0.55rem 1.1rem;
    border-radius: 10px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
    min-height: 40px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
}

.project-action-links a.paper {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #dc2626 0%, #b91c1c 100%);
    color: white;
}

.project-action-links a.paper:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(220, 38, 38, 0.35);
}

.project-action-links a.poster {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #7c3aed 0%, #6d28d9 100%);
    color: white;
}

.project-action-links a.poster:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(124, 58, 237, 0.35);
}

.project-action-links a.github {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1f2937 0%, #111827 100%);
    color: white;
}

.project-action-links a.github:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(31, 41, 55, 0.35);
}

.project-action-links a.dataset {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #059669 0%, #047857 100%);
    color: white;
}

.project-action-links a.dataset:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(5, 150, 105, 0.35);
}

.project-action-links a.website {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent-color) 0%, var(--primary-color) 100%);
    color: white;
}

.project-action-links a.website:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(49, 130, 206, 0.35);
}

.project-action-links a.docs {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ea580c 0%, #dc2626 100%);
    color: white;
}

.project-action-links a.docs:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(234, 88, 12, 0.35);
}

.project-action-links a:hover {
    transform: translateY(-3px);
}

/* Other Projects Subsection */
.other-projects-title {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 1.5rem);
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    margin: var(--spacing-3xl) 0 var(--spacing-xl);
    padding-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--bg-tertiary);
}

/* Responsive */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .project-featured-content {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: var(--spacing-lg);
    }

    .project-featured-header {
        padding: var(--spacing-lg);
    }

    .project-featured-body {
        padding: var(--spacing-lg);
    }

    .project-featured-images {
        padding: var(--spacing-lg);
        order: 2;
    }

    .project-image-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .project-outputs {
        padding: var(--spacing-md);
    }

    .project-action-links a {
        padding: 0.4rem 0.75rem;
        font-size: 0.8rem;
    }
}